This snapping back into position, upon the release of strain, is the elastic rebound of reid s theory the elastic rebound theory is an explanation for how energy is spread during earthquakes. Ppt elastic rebound theory powerpoint presentation. Winner of the standing ovation award for best powerpoint templates from presentations magazine. In 1906, henry fielding reid, professor of geology at johns hopkins university, concluded that the earthquake must have involved an elastic rebound of previously stored elastic stress. Basically elastic rebound is the primary reason earthquakes even happen. In elastic rebound theory, what must occur to produce an earthquake. Due to the motion of the earths tectonic plates, the ground beneath our feet is always moving, just too slow and g. Reids reputation was now secure as the founding father of geophysics in the western hemisphere. Evaluate the knowledge you have gained about the causes of earthquakes with this quiz and worksheet. The elastic rebound theory is an explanation for how energy is. Elasticreboundtheory elasticrebound theelasticreboundtheoryisanexplanationforhow energyisspreadduringearthquakes.
Elastic reboundtheory elasticrebound theelasticreboundtheoryisanexplanationforhow energyisspreadduringearthquakes. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Since the authors manage to convey their message, as well as some basic seismological concepts, without a single equation, it is accessible to the general public, however it will be enjoyed most by seismologists and engineers because of its historic and geodynamics contents. He concluded that the quake must have been the result of the elastic rebound of the strain energy stored in the rocks on either side. The principal outcome of reids seismological work was the formulation and discussion of the theory which he named the elastic rebound theory of earthquakes, now generally recog nized as an important advance in the science of geology. Elastic rebound definition of elastic rebound by the. From an examination of the displacement of the ground surface which accompanied the 1906 earthquake, henry fielding reid, professor of geology at johns hopkins university, concluded that the earthquake must have involved an. The force per unit area acting on a rock is called stress. Assuming that the dislocation front propagates in one direction along the long. Rather, it is the direction of the initial velocity of m1, and m2 is initially at rest. According to the theory, a tectonic earthquake occurs when strains in rock masses have accumulated to a point where the. Reids elastic rebound theory usgs earthquake hazards. In geology, the elasticrebound theory is an explanation for how energy is released during an.
Elastic rebound theory article about elastic rebound. Reid was professor of applied mechanics at johns hopkins university, baltimore, from 1896 until he became emeritus professor in 1930. I am assuming that the collision is elastic, so that. Elastic rebound theory refers to the set of facts surrounding how energy is generated and spreads during an earthquake. The rock stores this strain energy like a giant spring being slowly tightened. Jan 21, 2016 elastic rebound theory is one of the central ideas to the mechanics of earthquakes and was originally proposed by reid 1910 following the 1906 san francisco earthquake on the san andreas fault. Modern measurements using gps largely support reids theory as. Most earthquakes are the result of the sudden elastic rebound of previously stored. When an earthquake occurs, energy radiates in all directions from its source. Passing right down the middle of the orchard, and across the road, is a fault zone. It is a bit broader than our previous subduction zone example, but often. Reid of johns hopkins university, who served on lawsons commission. Elastic rebound theory of earthquakes in the past, earthquakes were believed to occur because the ground would shake in a very strong manner. Elastic rebound definition of elastic rebound by the free.
Elastic rebound in geology, the elastic rebound theory is an explanation for how energy is released during an earthquake. Previously it was thought that ruptures of the surface were the result of strong ground shaking. The basis for much of the later work were the observations of the 1906 california earthquake that led reid 1910 to define the elastic rebound theory. Definition of elastic rebound theory in the dictionary. Harry fielding reid american seismologist britannica. The occurrence of tectonic earthquakes can be explained by the theory of elastic rebound, first advanced by h. Reid s elastic rebound theory from an examination of the displacement of the ground surface which accompanied the 1906 earthquake, henry fielding reid, professor of geology at johns hopkins university, concluded that the earthquake must have involved an elastic rebound of previously stored elastic stress. The theory also predicted, of course, that the place would be along tectonic earthquakes. After the great 1906 san francisco earthquake, geophysicist harry fielding reid examined the displacement of the ground surface along the san andreas fault in the 50 years before the earthquake. A elastic rebound theory b slip on a fault with a uniform stress drop c seismic moment d energy release during an earthquake ii elastic rebound theory h. As the earths crust deforms, the rocks which span the opposing sides of a fault are subjected to shear stress. Slippage along the break an earthquake allows the rock on each side to rebound to a less deformed state. However some of the characteristics of earthquakes can be explained by using a simple elastic rebound theory. A theory which attributes faulting to stresses in the form of potential energy which are being built up in the earth and which, at discrete intervals, are suddenly released as elastic energy.
Practically what this means is, if the rock is deformed below a certain level the brittle failure point or the point of plastic deformation, if the stress is released the rock will return to its original shape with no sign of the deformation. Ch 6 quiz multiple choice chapter 6 multiple choice 1. In geology, the elastic rebound theory was the first theory to satisfactorily explain earthquakes. The second mass m2 is slightly off the line of the velocity of m1. Firstly, the equations of equilibrium are presented and then the classical beam theories based on bernoullieuler and timoshenko beam kinematics are derived. This chapter gives an introduction is given to elastic beams in three dimensions. Since fault planes are not usually very smooth, great amounts of energy can be stored if the rock is strong enough as movement is restricted due to interlock along the fault. In his hitchcock lectures at the university of california in 1911. The gradual accumulation and release of stress and strain is called the elastic rebound theory of earthquakes. An explanation for how energy is spread during earthquakes explanation. The mechanisms and processes involved when earthquakes occur are extremely complex. After the earth quakes is definitely a worthy book to read. Elastic rebound definition and meaning collins english. Theyll give your presentations a professional, memorable appearance the kind of sophisticated look that todays audiences expect.
Earthquake prediction is a branch of the science of seismology concerned with the specification of the time, location, and magnitude of future earthquakes within stated limits, and particularly the determination of parameters for the next strong earthquake to occur in a region. Following the great 1906 san francisco earthquake, henry feilding reid examined the displacement of the ground surface around the san andreas fault. How is the elastic rebound theory related to earthquakes. Elastic rebound theory of earthquakes, now generally recog nized as an important advance in the science of geology. This theory is known as the elastic rebound theory. He would call his new theory elastic rebound, and it remains even into the 21st century at the foundation of modern tectonic studies. Dec 02, 2017 elastic rebound theory meaning elastic rebo. Chart and diagram slides for powerpoint beautifully designed chart and diagram s for powerpoint with visually stunning graphics and animation effects.
Earthquake prediction is sometimes distinguished from earthquake forecasting, which can be defined as the. Pdf we examine the evolution of and the exchange between two forms of elastic energies stored in the. The elastic rebound theory was suggested by henry feilding reid, who made observations and summarized that the earthquake occurs as a consequence of an elastic rebound of elastic strain energy that was previously stored in the rocks on either side of the fault. Some of what you will be tested on includes tectonic plates and elastic rebound theory. The elastic rebound theory suggests which of the following. Oct 25, 2010 the deformation of rocks takes place through several stages. Elastic rebound theory is directly related to earthquakes. The theory involves the slow build up of elastic strain due to largescale stresses in the crust on either side of a locked fault i. Modern measurements using gps largely support reids theory as the basis of seismic movement, though actual. Elastic rebound theory is one of the central ideas to the mechanics of earthquakes and was originally proposed by reid 1910 following the 1906 san francisco earthquake on the san andreas fault. Ppt elastic rebound theory powerpoint presentation free.
The elasticrebound theory explains how energy is produced when an earthquake occurs. The three types of directional stress experienced by rocks are compressional, tensional, and shear stress fig. Reids elastic rebound theory usgs earthquake hazard program. According to the elastic rebound theory reids, 2 the seismic cycle consists of two phases. Information and translations of elastic rebound theory in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the web. Jan 12, 2014 the rocky masses which form the two sides of the fault then snap back into a new position. At some point the stresses become so great that the.
In his hitchcock lectures at the university of california in 1911, reid presented the theory in a clear and general form. May 10, 2016 elastic rebound theory is directly related to earthquakes. Personally, reid was blessed with a charming character. These slides discuss where and why aftershocks occur and include animations of aftershock sequences following two m 5 earthquakes in southern california. Worlds best powerpoint templates crystalgraphics offers more powerpoint templates than anyone else in the world, with over 4 million to choose from. This page provides all possible translations of the word elastic rebound theory in the german language. A list of lyrics, artists and songs that contain the term elastic rebound theory from the website.
He concluded that earthquake must have involved an elastic rebound of stored elastic stress. Characterizing earthquake sources a elastic rebound. Reids elastic rebound theory from an examination of the displacement of the ground surface which accompanied the 1906 earthquake, henry fielding reid, professor of geology at johns hopkins university, concluded that the earthquake must have involved an elastic rebound of previously stored elastic stress. The following animation shows a birds eye view of a country road that cuts through an orchard. Elastic rebound theory article about elastic rebound theory.
The motion along the fault is accompanied by the gradual buildup of elastic strain energy within the rock along the fault. Harry fielding reid, american seismologist and glaciologist who in 1911 developed the elastic rebound theory of earthquake mechanics, still accepted today. The elastic rebound theory of earthquake sources allows rough prediction of the occurrence of large shallow earthquakes. At some point the stresses become so great that the earth breaks. Soil capacity improvement to present the soil capacity improvement according to the elastic rebound theory and during retapping process, figure 3 is shown different soil layers before and after earthquake that it can be used for pile driving. According to the elastic rebound theory reid, 1910, the seismic cycle consists of two phases. In elastic rebound theory, what must occur to produce an. These observations provided the basis for the landmark theory of elastic rebound, introduced by professor h.
Thomson, he was acknowledged as a scientist of the first rank. Reids theory extended earlier insights into the earthquake process by g. Strained past a certain point, they spring back to their original shape, or rebound, causing earthquakes. The deformation of rocks takes place through several stages. The rocky masses which form the two sides of the fault then snap back into a new position. Dec 01, 2010 elastic rebound theory states that as tectonic plates move relative to each other, elastic strain energy builds up along their edges in the rocks along fault planes. The elastic rebound theory was first stated in volume i, part i. Elastic rebound theory rocks at the edges of tectonic plates are subject to tremendous forces resulting in intense deformation. Over time stresses in the earth build up often caused by the slow movements of tectonic plates. This snapping back into position, upon the release of strain, is the elastic rebound of reids theory the elastic rebound theory is an explanation for how energy is spread during earthquakes. Mar 26, 2011 elastic rebound theory more grades 912 science on the learning videos channel duration. An earthquake rupture occurs and relieves some of the stresses but generally not all. Geological survey, who also served on the lawson commission.
This is one basic demonstration you can incorporate into a lesson to bring the elastic rebound theory to life. Missouri university of science and technology scholars mine. Harry fielding reid, born may 18, 1859, baltimore, maryland, u. Our new crystalgraphics chart and diagram slides for powerpoint is a collection of over impressively designed datadriven chart and editable diagram s guaranteed to impress any audience. While a member of the state earthquake investigation commission, harry fielding reid of johns hopkins university examined the ground displacement from the 1906 earthquake. The first is usually the elastic deformation state. The elastic rebound theory explains how energy is produced when an earthquake occurs.
According to the elastic rebound theory of reid 1910, eventually the deformation strain becomes great enough that something breaks, usually at an existing fault. Harry fielding reid may 18, 1859 june 18, 1944 was an american geophysicist. He was notable for his contributions to seismology, particularly his theory of elastic rebound that related faults to earthquakes. Reid gave, for example, a crude forecast of the next great earthquake near san francisco. Elastic rebound theory states that as tectonic plates move relative to each other, elastic strain energy builds up along their edges in the rocks along fault planes.
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